诚信熔接网厂

光纤熔接中的损耗原因及解决办法

Loss causes and solutions in optical fiber fusion

形成损耗的原因

Cause of loss

形成损耗的原因：光纤熔接损耗主要是由光纤自身的传输损耗和光纤熔接接头处的熔接损耗组成。由于光纤接续质量影响光纤线路传输损耗的客限、光纤线路无中继放大传输距离等参数，因此要尽可能降低降低光纤熔接接头损耗，以确保光纤CATV信号的传输质量。

The reason for the loss is that the optical fiber fusion loss is mainly composed of the transmission loss of the optical fiber itself and the fusion loss of the optical fiber fusion joint. In order to ensure the transmission quality of the optical fiber CATV signal, the fiber connection quality affects the transmission loss of the optical fiber line and the transmission distance of the optical fiber line without repeater.

光纤通信中发生的损耗，这种损耗首要是由光纤本身的传输损耗和光纤接头处的熔接损耗构成。影响光纤熔接损耗的因素较多，与光纤的本身及现场施工有关。努力降低光纤接头处的熔接损耗，则可增大光纤中继放大传输距离和提高光纤链路的衰减裕量。

The loss in optical fiber communication is mainly caused by the transmission loss of the optical fiber itself and the fusion loss of the optical fiber joint. There are many factors that affect the optical fiber splicing loss, which are related to the optical fiber itself and the site construction. Efforts to reduce the fusion loss at fiber junctions can increase the transmission distance and increase the attenuation margin of fiber links.

可分为光纤本征要素和非本征要素两类

It can be divided into two categories: optical fiber intrinsic elements and non intrinsic elements.

1、光纤本征要素是指光纤本身要素，首要有四点：

1, the intrinsic elements of optical fiber refer to the elements of the fiber itself. There are four main points.

(1)光纤模场直径纷歧致；

(1) the diameter of the optical fiber mode field is disproportionate;

(2)两根光纤芯径掉配；

(2) two fiber core diameter drop matching;

(3)纤芯截不圆；

(3) the core is not round.

(4)纤芯与包层齐心度欠安。

(4) the core of the core and the cladding are in poor comfort.

其中光纤模场直径分歧影响最大，单模光纤的容限规范如下：

The optical fiber mode field diameter difference has the greatest influence. The tolerance specifications of single-mode optical fiber are as follows:

模场直径：(9~10μm)±10%，即容限约±1μm；包层直径：125±3μm；

Mode field diameter: (9~10 m) + 10%, that is, tolerance is about 1 m, and the diameter of cladding is 125 + 3 m;

模场齐心度误差≤6%，包层不圆度≤2%。

The error of mode field error is less than 6%, and the envelope roundness is less than 2%.

2、影响光纤接续损耗的非本征要素即接续技能：

2, the non intrinsic factor that affects the optical fiber connection loss is the continuous skills:

(1)轴心错位：单模光纤纤芯很细，两根对接光纤轴心错位会影响接续损耗。当错位1.2μm时，接续损耗达0.5dB。

(1) axis misalignment: single mode fiber core is very thin, and two butt optical fiber axis misalignment will affect the connection loss. When the dislocation is 1.2 u m, the continuous loss is up to 0.5dB.

(2)轴心倾斜：当光纤断面倾斜1°时，约发生0.6dB的接续损耗，如果要求接续损耗≤0.1dB，则单模光纤的倾角应为≤0.3°。

(2) axis tilt: when the fiber section is inclined to 1 degrees, the continuous loss of 0.6dB is about to occur. If the loss is less than 0.1dB, the dip angle of the single mode fiber should be less than 0.3 degrees.

(3)端面别离：运动衔接器的衔接欠好，很轻易发生端面别离，形成衔接损耗较大。当熔接机放电电压较低时，也轻易发生端面别离，此状况普通在有拉力测试功用的熔接机中可以发现。

(3) face separation: the convergence of the motion adapter is not good enough, so it is easy to take the end face off and form a large connection loss. When the discharge voltage of the splicing machine is low, the end face is easy to occur. This condition is usually found in the splicing machine with tensile testing function.

(4)端面质量：光纤端面的平整度差时也会发生损耗，甚至气泡。

(4) end quality: loss and even bubbles will occur when the roughness of the fiber ends is poor.

(5)熔接点邻近光纤物理变形：

(5) the physical deformation of the fusion junction adjacent to the optical fiber:

光缆在架设进程中的拉伸变形，熔接盒中夹固光缆压力太大等，都会对熔接损耗有影响。

The tensile deformation of the optical cable during the erection process and the pressure of the clamped cable in the fuse box will have an impact on the welding loss.

其他要素的影响

The influence of other elements

接续人员操作程度、操作步调、盘纤工艺程度、熔接机中电极洁净水平、熔接参数设置、任务情况洁净水平等均会影响到熔接损耗的值。

The operation degree of the continued personnel, the pace of operation, the technological degree of the disc, the cleanliness level of the electrode in the welding machine, the setting of the welding parameters and the cleanliness level of the task will all affect the value of the weld loss.

降低光纤熔接损耗的办法：

Methods to reduce fiber splicing loss:

1、一条线路上尽量采用统一批次的优质名牌裸纤

1. We should try to use a uniform batch of high quality brand bare fiber on one line.

关于统一批次的光纤，其模场直径基本一样，光纤在某点断开后，两头间的模场直径可视为一致，因此在此断开点熔接可使模场直径对光纤熔接损耗的影响降到最低水平。所以要求光缆出产厂家用统一批次的裸纤，按要求的光缆长度延续出产，在每盘上挨次编号并分清A、B端，不得跳号。铺设光缆时须按编号沿确定的路由顺序布放，并保证前盘光缆的B端要和后一盘光缆的A端相连，然后保证熔接时能在断开点熔接，并使熔接损耗值到达最小。

As for the unified batch fiber, the die field diameter is basically the same. After the optical fiber is broken at some point, the diameter of the mode field between two ends can be considered as the same. Therefore, the disconnection point melting can make the influence of the die field diameter on the fiber splice loss to the lowest level. Therefore, the fiber cable production plant is required to use the unifying batch of bare fiber, according to the required fiber cable length to continue production, in each plate number and separate A, B end, no jump number. When laying the cable, the routing sequence must be laid according to the number along the number along the route, and the B end of the cable is connected to the A end of the latter, and the weld joint can be fused at the broken point, and the loss value of the weld is minimized.

2、光缆架设按要求进行

2. The erection of optical fiber cable is carried out as required

在光缆铺设过程中，严禁光缆打小圈及折、歪曲，3km的光纤必需80人以上施工，4km必需100人以上施工，并装备6～8部对讲机。牵引力不超越光缆重量的80%，瞬时最大牵引力不超越100%，牵引力应加在光缆的增强件上。铺放光缆应严格按光缆施工要求，然后最低限制地降低光缆施工中光纤受毁伤的几率，防止光纤芯受毁伤招致的熔接损耗增大。

In the process of laying optical fiber cable, the optical fiber cable is strictly forbidden to circle and bend and distort. The fiber of 3km must be constructed more than 80 people. The construction of 4km must be more than 100 people, and 6~8 interphones are equipped. The traction force does not exceed 80% of the weight of the optical cable, and the maximum instantaneous traction force does not exceed 100%. The traction force should be added to the reinforced parts of the optical cable. The cable laying should strictly follow the requirements of the optical fiber cable construction, and then reduce the probability of damage to the fiber in the optical fiber cable construction to the lowest limit, and prevent the increase of the weld loss caused by the damage of the fiber core.

3、选经历丰厚练习有素的光纤熔接人员进行熔接

3. Select the experienced optical fiber splicing personnel to weld.

目前熔接大多是熔接机主动熔接，但接续人员的程度直接影响接续损耗的巨细。接续人员应严格依照光纤熔接工艺流程图进行接续，而且熔接进程中应一边熔接一边用OTDR测试熔接点的接续损耗。不契合要求的应重新熔接，对熔接损耗值较大的点，重复熔接次数以3～4次为宜，多根光纤熔接损耗都较大时，可剪除一段光缆从新开缆熔接。

At present, welding is mostly active welding of splicing machine, but the extent of the connecting personnel directly affects the size of the connection loss. The continued personnel should be connected in strict accordance with the optical fiber fusion process flow chart, and the melting and joining process should be used to test the continuous loss of the weld joint with OTDR. It is suitable for remelting and splicing, which is suitable for 3~4 times of repeated splicing. When the loss of multiple fiber splicing is large, a section of cable can be cut off from a new cable.

4、接续光缆应在整洁的情况中进行

4. The cable should be carried out in a neat situation.

严禁在多尘及湿润的情况中露天操作，光缆熔接部位及东西、资料应坚持洁净，不得让光纤接头受潮，预备切割的光纤必需洁净，不得有污物。切割后光纤不得在空气中表露时间过长尤其是在多尘湿润的情况中。

It is strictly prohibited to operate in the open air of many dust and humid conditions. The welding parts and materials of the fiber optic cable should be clean, and the fiber connector should not be dampened. The fibers prepared for cutting must be clean and no dirt. After cutting, the fiber can not be exposed in air for too long, especially in the condition of dusty and moist.

5、选用精度高的光纤端面切割器来制备光纤端面

5. Choose the optical fiber end face cutter with high accuracy to produce optical fiber end face.

光纤端面的黑白直接影响到熔接损耗巨细，切割的光纤应为平整的镜面，无缺损。光纤端面的轴线倾角应小于1度，高精度的光纤端面切割器不仅能提高光纤切割的成功率，也可以提升光纤端面的质量。这对OTDR测试不着的熔接点(即OTDR测试盲点)和光纤维护及抢修尤为主要。

The black and white of the optical fiber directly affects the size of the weld loss. The cut optical fiber should be a flat mirror without defect. The axis angle of optical fiber end should be less than 1 degrees. High precision fiber end cutter can not only improve the success rate of optical fiber cutting, but also improve the quality of fiber end face. This is especially important for OTDR testing, such as weld point (OTDR test blind spot) and optical fiber maintenance and repair.

6、正确使用熔接机

6. Correct use of the welding machine

正确使用熔接机是降低光纤接续损耗的重要保证和关键环节。

Proper use of splicing machine is an important guarantee and key link to reduce fiber splice loss.

①应严格按照熔接机的操作说明和操作流程，正确操作熔接机。

(1) operate the welding machine correctly according to the operation instructions and operation procedures of the welding machine.

②合理放置光纤，将光纤放置到熔接机的V型槽中时，动

(2) reasonably placing optical fiber and placing the optical fiber in the V groove of the splicing machine.